Exotic matter and exotic stars

Strange stars and their types

An exotic star is a compact star whose constituents are not neutron, proton and electrons, rather it contains quarks or strange matter or preon or bosons.
Exotic stars are theoretical stars but in April 2002, Chandra X-ray observatory observed two stars that has properties similar to that of quark stars. These stars were designated to be ‘RX J 1856.5-3754’ and ‘3C 58’. In past they were considered as neutron stars but later it was found that ‘RX J 1856.5-3754’ was too smaller and ‘3C 58’ was too colder than it should be according to laws of physics. This proposed that these may be composed of something other than atoms. This sparked the theory of presence of something other than protons, neutrons and electrons.

Quark stars
It is a theory that neutrons may also break into more basic components like quarks if sufficient gravitational pressure is applied. A quark star is denser than normal stars since it is made up of smaller matter than protons and neutrons. These stars become very large nucleons. This type of start is known as quark star.  If no extra mass is added to it then it may survive infinitely. The two stars stated above are types of quark stars.

Boson Stars
Bosons are hypothetical objects which are one of the possible constituents of Dark matter. In theory if a boson star is to exist, the constituting bosons must be stable and possess some amount of mass. It is proposed that boson stars were formed during the primary stage of big bang. To explain the observed properties of active galactic cores of the galaxies, researchers have developed a theory that supermassive boson stars exist at the center of the galaxies.

Preon Stars
Preons are hypothetical subatomic particles and these are also the possible constituents of dark matter. They can have higher densities than quarks and neutron stars but are lighter than dwarfs and neutron stars. They have been proposed to be emerged from supernova or big bang.

Electroweak stars
This theoretical exotic star has a core smaller than the size of an apple and this core contains approx. 2 earth masses. In this core quarks turn into leptons due to electroweak force. This conversion is called electroweak burning. It prevents the gravitational collapse of the star by exerting an outward radiation pressure. This type of star appears after supernova collapse. These stars are denser than quark stars. When the quark star is too big to withstand its gravitational collapse then electroweak force helps in making the star stable. This leads in formation of electroweak force.

Related articles:Black hole, White hole, White Dwarf, Flipping of Solar Magnetic Poles, Space-time, Astronomical Unit, Supernova, Red Giant, Nebula

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