How and What

Red Panda Red panda are the smallest members of panda species found in Himalayan ranges. They are very beautiful and highly endangered species. There are lesser than 10000 mature red pandas left in the world. Deforestation is the reason for their condition as their natural space is shrinking.  They are generally hidden in the trees and are difficult to be seen. Red panda are also known as cat bear as their bodies are of almost same size as that of house cat. Their tail is almost half the size of their body and is used to balance their body on trees. They are arboreal mammals and most of their life is spent on trees. These creatures are mostly silent except for some twittering. They are admitted to both bear as well as raccoon family as they share the raccoon’s famous ringed tail. They are mostly shy and solitary mammals except mating period. These are most active during nights and dusk and dawn. These use their ringed tail to wrap around their bodies and sleep during win...

Wormhole A shortcut through space-time which is also known as Einstein-Rosen Bridge which is a hypothetical topological feature of space-time is known as wormhole. A wormhole is a hypothetical phenomenon and there is no practical definition of existence of a wormhole. In theory, a wormhole is a bridge whose two ends are connected to very distant places and we can switch between the places in almost no time. Sometimes wormhole is also said to be a medium of time travel. Wormholes have a very strong theoretical ground hence physicists use this as a medium to explain general relativity. The first type of wormhole solution discovered was Schwarzschild wormhole which would be present in Schwarzschild matric describing an eternal black hole.it was found that this type of wormhole would collapse so early after their formation that it is impossible to pass through them. For traversable wormholes to occur, exotic matter with negative energy density is required. Many physicists believe th...

Non-conventional sources of energy Our world is totally dependent on power, either from sun or from mines. We can assume our world to be in a race to consume more and more power. For natural process, infrared and visible radiations from sun are enough but the world created by us needs petrol, diesel and coal to run. These sources are derived from the deep earth. Though we have huge masses of these resources buried inside the earth, but every treasure has a limit if not recharged. When organic substances like dead bodies and leaves are buried inside the depths of earth by some natural process for millions of years, then the immense pressure and heat converts them into coal and petroleum. These require millions of years to produce, but can be consumed in less than a few hundred years. We have been using these resources since almost 200 years and it is estimated that it will finish within 100 more years if we keep using them at the same pace. Also they are bad for ecosystem since coa...

Astronomical Unit Astronomical unit is the unit of length which is used by astronomers to measure shorter distances or sizes of terrestrial bodies in space. For extremely long distances we use light years but for defining distances comparable to the size of our solar system, we need a unit which is smaller than a light year but much bigger than kilometers. Its symbol is ‘ au ’. For solving this purpose International Astronomical Union defined one astronomical unit as the length in 1976, for which the value of Gaussian Gravitational Constant becomes 0.01720209895 . This is the value when astronomical units of length and mass are used for measurement. Another definition is that the radius of an unperturbed circular Newtonian orbit about the Sun of a particle having infinitesimal mass, moving with an angular velocity of 0.01720209895 radians per day is called one astronomical unit. One more definition is that when we are to describe the position of an object in the solar system,...

Supernova Supernova is an enormous explosion which is caused when either a dead star collapses due to its own gravity or due to collision of two massive black holes. These super powerful explosions are so bright that they can over shine even an entire galaxy and its light can be seen for months. These are one of the most powerful cosmic activities and radiate more energy than the entire energy radiated by a star in its whole lifespan. The life of the luster caused by a supernova is very small as compared to the life of a star. A supernova explosion is the reason for the enormous gamma ray bursts which shoots out tiny particles and harmful electromagnetic waves, most of which is gamma ray. There are various postulates and theories about supernova explosion, some of which are formation of neutron stars, preon stars, boson stars, strange stars and electroweak stars. These hypothetical stars have been described mainly to solve various equations of general relativity. In some c...

Red Giant Red giants are the ending stages of a star which has exhausted all its hydrogen at its core and has started to consume the hydrogen from its outer shell. Only the stars with smaller mass i.e. 0.3 to 8 solar masses become red giant at the end of its life. When the hydrogen in the inner core of the star is fully consumed then the nuclear fusion reaction starts shifting in the outer shells. When the outermost shells of the star start burning, then the core contracts due to its own gravity. This creates an empty space between the core and the outer shell. The outer shell of the star keeps expanding. This expansion is so massive that its radius becomes 100 times bigger than the radius of our sun. Though the core doesn’t burn, even then it is hotter than the expanding shell. The outer shell radiates lesser energy than our sun still it is much brighter because of its extra-large size. The surface temperature of this outer envelope is low, that is why it appears reddish oran...

Nebula An interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases is called nebula. Basically nebula was the designation for any diffuse astronomical object, including galaxies other than Milky Way. A nebula may be formed either by supernova explosion when the gases released by the explosion are diffused by the low frequency electromagnetic radiations caused due to the explosions. These diffused ionized gases illuminate under the visible wavelength. Another type of nebula is formed when gases collapse under their own gravitational pull. A massive star is formed at the center and its radiation causes the surrounding  gases  to shine.  In easy language, a nebula is a huge collection of dust and gas in the free space. It is bound together due to its own gravity and has a fading luster. Nebula forms very beautiful shapes and colors in the space. Related Articles:  Astronomical Unit ,  Supernova ,  Red Giant ,  Exotic Star...